33Glossary, acronyms and quick-reference acceptance values

33.0Scope of this chapter

This chapter collects in one place the terms, the acceptance values, the formulas and the worked examples that chapters 01 to 30 and 32 explain in full. Every value in it is copied from a chapter section. The section number is given beside the value so that the reader can go back to the full procedure, the instrument set-up and the source. Where the source check of 1 November 2026 found a different value in a public source, the row gives the verified value. The row also names the chapter that still states the older value (IEEE 1584-2018 working distances in 33.8).

1. Glossary. 487 terms and acronyms used in the manual, each with the full term, a plain definition and the section where the term is used or explained (sections 33.2 to 33.6).
2. Quick-reference acceptance values. Tables of acceptance values grouped by system: MV tests, LV tests, generators, UPS and batteries, earthing and power quality, chilled-water plant and flushing, air and liquid cooling, fire, BMS, EPMS and PME, fibre and copper, IST, and administrative time limits (sections 33.7 to 33.19).
3. Unit conversions. The conversions a commissioning engineer uses on site between SI, US customary and the units printed on instruments (section 33.20).
4. Formulas. The formulas used in the manual for current, short-circuit current, insulation indices, tan δ, protection timing, earthing, power quality, fluid and air heat, loss budget, PUE and commissioning KPIs, each with one worked line taken from the chapters (section 33.21).
5. Index of worked examples. All 270 worked examples of chapters 01 to 30, listed by equipment tag and section (section 33.22).
6. Quick-reference sheets. Figures F33-1 to F33-4 print the most used values on four sheets for the site office wall: electrical values, mechanical values, controls and network values, and administrative time limits.
7. Term maps and decision sheets. Figures F33-5 to F33-18 place the glossary terms on a single-line diagram, a piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) fragment, a controls block diagram, the level flow and the fire signal path. They also give decision trees for the document to raise and for two-meaning abbreviations, plot the ITI envelope, the fibre loss budget and the IR minimums, and map the record IDs of the worked examples.

Documents and standards used: the finished chapters 01 to 30 and 32 of this manual. Through them, the chapter uses ANSI/NETA ATS-2025, IEEE 400.2-2024, IEEE 43, IEEE 81-2025 (supersedes 81-2012), IEEE 450, IEEE 1188, IEEE 519-2022, ISO 8528-5:2022, NFPA 110, IEC 62040-3:2021, IEC 62305-3:2024, IEC 61000-4-30, BSRIA BG 29/2021, ASHRAE TC 9.9 thermal guidelines (5th edition), ASME B31.9, NFPA 72, NFPA 2001, NFPA 13, NFPA 20, NFPA 76, ANSI/TIA-568.3-E (loss values quoted from -D), IEC 61300-3-35:2022, IEC 62439-2:2021, FIDIC 2017, NEC4 ECC and AIA A201-2017. The research note research/RF-33.md lists the chapter section behind each value.

33.1How to use this chapter

33.1.1Rules for reading the quick-reference values

1. The chapter section governs. A value in this chapter is a pointer. Before a value goes into a test script, the script writer reads the chapter section named beside it and the source document named in that section.
2. Confirm marks name the document. Where a chapter marks a value for confirmation, the mark names the document and the table or clause to be checked, and this chapter carries the same mark. Where the value was verified from a public source in the 1 November 2026 review, the mark is replaced by the source. Section 6 of research/RF-33.md records the source, the quote and the access date. A value with a confirm mark is not used as an acceptance value until the project specification or the current edition of the source document has been checked and the check is recorded in the script.
3. Project values come first. Many values in the chapters are labelled "example", "project value" or "MSC-1 example". The project specification or the approved script replaces them. On a real project the commissioning manager writes the project value into the script and keeps the chapter value only as a comparison.
4. Example data are marked. Worked examples use the MSC-1 example campus and tags such as B2-DH3-UPS-A1. The MSC-1 records are example records. They show how a record is filled and how a calculation is done.
5. Units are as written in the source. NFPA 76 hole sensitivity is per foot, NFPA 2001 agent quantity is in kg and m³, IEEE 519 limits are in per cent of the fundamental or of the maximum demand current. Section 33.20 gives the conversions.
6. Time limits are in working days unless stated. FIDIC and NEC4 periods are in calendar days or weeks; the table in section 33.19 shows which. Check whether a contract period is in working days or calendar days before entering it in a register.

33.1.2Steps to move a quick-reference value into a test script

1. Find the row. Find the test in sections 33.7 to 33.19 and note the section number in the last column.
2. Read the section. Read the chapter section for the instrument, the applied value and the set-up.
3. Check the source. Open the source document named in the row, at the edition named in the project specification.
4. Clear the mark. For a row with a confirm mark, record the clause, table and edition that was checked.
5. Write the project value. Enter the value of the project specification in the script; where it differs from the chapter value, record both and the reason.
6. Add the unit and reference conditions. Write the unit, the reference temperature and the load at which the value applies.
7. Name the record. Name the record form that holds the measured value, for example ELE-L3-UPS-01.
8. Submit for review. The commissioning authority (CxA) reviews the script and the source references before the script is approved.

33.1.3Rules for using the glossary

1. One term, one meaning per context. Some abbreviations have two meanings in this manual. IR is insulation resistance in electrical tests and inspection request in quality administration. PRP is prime rated power for generators and Parallel Redundancy Protocol for networks. LPS is lightning protection system in earthing and Last Planner System in planning. The glossary lists both meanings and both sections.
2. Section numbers point to use. The section column gives the section where the term is explained or first used in a technical context. Where the term is used in several chapters, the section that explains it in most detail is given.
3. Full term at first use. The writing rules of this manual require the full term at first use in each chapter. When a script or report is written from this manual, the same rule applies: write "insulation resistance (IR)" at first use.
4. Indonesian terms are kept in Indonesian. SLO, SLF, NIDI, PPK, PA, RMPK, SMKK and PUIL are written in Indonesian with the English meaning in the definition, because the documents and the authorities use the Indonesian names.

33.2Glossary A to C

33.2.1Terms starting with A

33.2.2Terms starting with B

Figure F33-5 shows where the electrical test terms of this glossary are measured on the MSC-1 single-line diagram, from the 20 kV feeder Q11 to the UPS block, with the acceptance value of each term.

33.2.3Terms starting with C

33.3Glossary D to H

33.3.1Terms starting with D

Figure F33-6 places the cooling terms (FWS, TCS, CHW, ATD, flushing velocity, TVC, QD) on a fragment of the MSC-1 liquid-cooling piping and instrumentation diagram (P&ID) with their MSC-1 values.

33.3.2Terms starting with E

33.3.3Terms starting with F

Figure F33-7 shows the BMS, EPMS and network terms on one block diagram: the MS/TP trunk limits, the meter accuracy classes, the SOE time source and the MRP ring limit.

33.3.4Terms starting with G

33.3.5Terms starting with H

33.4Glossary I to M

33.4.1Terms starting with I

33.4.2Terms starting with J

33.4.3Terms starting with K

33.4.4Terms starting with L

Figure F33-8 shows the commissioning levels L0 to L6, the documents and time limits of each level and the record of each level for the UPS block B2-DH3-A1.

33.4.5Terms starting with M

33.5Glossary N to R

33.5.1Terms starting with N

33.5.2Terms starting with O

Figure F33-9 is a decision tree that selects the document for a site question or a defect: RFI, PCO, CVI, inspection request, NCR, CAR or punch item, each with its time limit.

33.5.3Terms starting with P

33.5.4Terms starting with Q

33.5.5Terms starting with R

Figure F33-10 lists the five abbreviations with two meanings in this manual (IR, PRP, LPS, DP and A3) and the clue in a record that shows which meaning applies.

33.6Glossary S to Z and device numbers

33.6.1Terms starting with S

33.6.2Terms starting with T

Figure F33-11 places the fire detection and suppression terms on one signal path from the aspirating detector to the clean-agent release, with the time limit of each step.

33.6.3Terms starting with U

33.6.4Terms starting with V

33.6.5Terms starting with W

33.6.6Terms starting with X

33.6.7Terms starting with Z

33.6.8Device numbers, classes and codes that start with a digit

Figure F33-12 shows the ANSI/IEEE C37.2 device numbers 25, 32, 50/51, 51N, 52G and 87T on the MSC-1 generator and feeder single-line diagram with the example settings.

33.7Quick reference: MV tests

Figure F33-1 prints the most used electrical values of sections 33.7 to 33.11 on one sheet. The values below are the acceptance values of chapter 13 for the 20 kV switchgear, transformers and cables of MSC-1. The MV insulation resistance minimums depend on the voltage class. The 20 kV system belongs to the 25 kV class in NETA ATS Table 100.1.

33.7.1Insulation resistance, PI and DAR

33.7.2Switchgear and breakers

33.7.3Instrument transformers

33.7.4Power transformers and oil

33.7.5MV cables: VLF, tan δ and PD

33.7.6Protection and energisation

33.7.7Checks on MV values before the witness test

1. Match the class row. The testing contractor's report names the NETA voltage class and the test voltage for each IR result. A 20 kV switchboard tested at 2,500 V DC against the 15 kV row is retested at 5,000 V DC against 10,000 MΩ.
2. Correct to 20 °C. Every IR result on a transformer carries the winding temperature and the corrected value; an uncorrected value is returned before the hold point is released.
3. Compare poles. Contact resistance and timing are judged pole against pole and against the OEM maximum; the 50 % rule finds a high pole that is still below the OEM value.
4. Read the tan δ category. A new cable in "action required", or with a tip-up above the limit, blocks energisation of that cable until it is repaired and retested.
5. Read back the relay file. The setting file read from each relay after injection is compared with the approved revision; a difference is an issue before energisation.

33.8Quick reference: LV tests

33.8.1Checks on LV values before the witness test

1. State the torque sample size. The record names the sample (for example 20 joints) and the rule that one failure turns the sample into a 100 % check of the board.
2. Primary-inject the 4-pole ACBs. Secondary injection proves the trip unit only; primary injection proves the sensors and the neutral sensor polarity on every ACB with a G element.
3. Load before thermography. A survey below 40 % of normal circuit loading is rescheduled with load banks; the record states the load in amperes and in per cent of normal circuit loading (NFPA 70B-2023 7.4.5 and 7.4.6, the edition the source quotes; the NFPA 70B-2026 clause numbers were not read; section 14.13.1).
4. Set the RCD type. The installation tester is set to the RCD type (AC, A, F or B) and the record gives the times at 0° and 180°.

33.9Quick reference: generators

33.9.1Checks on generator values before the witness test

1. Calculate the limits at site values. Write the G3 limits in hertz and kilovolts for the set (46.5 Hz, 55.0 Hz, 17.0 kV, 24.0 kV on MSC-1) on the test sheet before the first step.
2. Synchronise the recorders. The PQ analyser, the load bank metering and the controller log use the same time source so that the start-time record can be built event by event.
3. Check the fuel before the run. The fuel quality certificate (water and sediment ≤ 0.05 %, cleanliness ≤ ISO 18/16/13 at the engine) is on file before the 4-hour load bank run.
4. Prove the shutdowns on the set. Overspeed, low oil pressure, high coolant temperature and emergency stop are tested on each set and the trip value is recorded, because a failed shutdown is a safety issue.

33.10Quick reference: UPS and batteries

Figure F33-13 plots the ITI (CBEMA) voltage tolerance envelope of section 33.11 with the STS transfer of this section and the two EPMS waveform trigger tests of section 33.16.

33.10.1Checks on UPS and battery values before the witness test

1. Use two calibrated analysers. The efficiency result is only valid with input and output analysers of IEC 61000-4-30 Class A and the combined uncertainty stated, for example ±0.14 % at 62.5 % load.
2. Correct autonomy to 25 °C. The autonomy record states the battery temperature and the correction used before it is compared with the 5-minute design value.
3. Float before the capacity test. The battery is on float for the period the procedure states (96 h in the MSC-1 record) before the discharge starts.
4. Record the class 1 curve. The step load and mode transfer records attach the waveform at 10 kHz or faster and overlay the IEC 62040-3 class 1 curve.

33.11Quick reference: earthing and power quality

33.11.1Checks on earthing and PQ values before the witness test

1. Prove the plateau. A fall-of-potential result is accepted only with the 52 %, 61.8 % and 72 % readings and a second line at 90°.
2. Use the PCC row. The IEEE 519 row is chosen from the PCC voltage and the measured ISC/IL ratio; on MSC-1 the PCC is at 150 kV and ISC/IL is 44.3.
3. Survey for a full week. The 95th percentile statistics need 7 days of 10-minute values at representative load.
4. Explain every event. Each dip, swell and interruption outside the ITI envelope has a cause and an effect in the event table.

33.12Quick reference: CHW plant and flushing

Figure F33-2 prints the most used mechanical and fire values of sections 33.12 to 33.14 on one sheet.

33.12.1Checks on plant values before the witness test

1. Correct for temperature. A pressure drop during a hydrostatic hold is compared with the pipe temperature trend before it is called a leak.
2. Test at the high point. The test pressure is at least 1.5 times the design pressure at the high point; the low point pressure is checked against the component rating.
3. Record the flushing velocity. The flushing record gives the measured flow and the velocity for each pipe size against the BG 29 minimum.
4. Send samples to an accredited laboratory. The release certificate needs the laboratory report with TVC, SRB, suspended solids and iron against BG 29 Table 4.

33.13Quick reference: air and liquid cooling

33.13.1Checks on cooling values before the witness test

1. Measure both sides. Capacity tests give the air-side and water-side kW; the two sides agree within 10 % before the capacity is judged.
2. Wait for stable steps. A heat-load step is read only after every logger channel has changed by no more than 0.5 K over 15 minutes.
3. Check the QDs. A rack with low flow is checked for a quick disconnect that is not fully latched before the CDU is adjusted.
4. Record the failover trend. The CDU stop test attaches the TCS flow and supply temperature trend from the stop to recovery.

33.14Quick reference: fire

33.14.1Checks on fire values before the witness test

1. Test the device list. Every device in the panel list alarms at the correct address and text; every disablement is restored at the end of the session.
2. Run the door fan test before the agent is filled. A predicted hold time below 10 minutes leads to a leak search and a retest before the gas is commissioned.
3. Use the C&E matrix as the script. Every marked effect is timed and every unmarked effect is recorded as a failure.
4. Time the pre-action delivery. The record gives the times of detection, valve opening, clapper and water at the inspector's test connection.

33.15Quick reference: BMS

Figure F33-3 prints the most used controls, EPMS and network values of sections 33.15 to 33.17 on one sheet.

33.15.1Checks on BMS values before the witness test

1. Calibrate against a reference. Each analog point is compared with a reference instrument whose accuracy is better than the tolerance, for example ±0.05 K to ±0.1 K for water temperature.
2. Time every alarm. The alarm record gives the condition time, the workstation time and the delay against its limit.
3. Test the failures. Loss of communication, controller restart and server failover are tested on the installed network with the real controllers.
4. Export the override summary. The sign-off attaches the override summary and the out-of-service list, both empty.

33.16Quick reference: EPMS and PME

33.16.1Checks on EPMS values before the witness test

1. Compare settings with zero tolerance. Meter and breaker settings are compared field by field with the approved schedule and the coordination study.
2. Inject through the test block. The reference analyser uses the same CTs through the test block so that the comparison tests the meter and its wiring.
3. Calculate PUE from energies. The PUE check uses the ratio of total energies and never an average of 15-minute PUE values.
4. Count records. The 72-hour completeness count compares received records with devices × 4 per hour × 72 hours.

33.17Quick reference: fibre, copper and OT network

Figure F33-14 plots the TIA-568.3-D loss budget against link length for an OS2 campus link and an OM4 hall trunk, with the 10GBASE-LR and 10GBASE-SR channel limits.

33.17.1Checks on fibre and network values before the witness test

1. Inspect before every test. Each end face is inspected and cleaned before the OLTS reference is set and before each link is measured.
2. Write the engineered budget. The test limit is the engineered budget from the manufacturer's low-loss values where the application limit is lower than the TIA maximum.
3. Compare wavelengths. Loss that rises at the longer wavelength points to a bend; the OTDR locates it.
4. Count ring switches. An MRP ring with the 10 ms profile has no more than 14 switches.

33.18Quick reference: IST

33.18.1Checks on IST values before test day

1. Close the entry gate. The 16 entry rows are closed, or accepted in writing with the affected scenarios removed from the day plan.
2. Agree the abort values. The abort values (for example TCS supply 50 °C) are written in the script and briefed to every test team.
3. Synchronise all loggers. BMS, EPMS, UPS and generator logs share one time source so the SOE can be built at 1 ms resolution.
4. Write the issue on the day. Every failed or conditional result gets an IST issue number on the day, as IST-DH3-014 and IST-DH3-022 in the MSC-1 records.

33.19Quick reference: administrative time limits

The administrative limits below are the MSC-1 values and the contract values quoted in chapters 05 to 09. The contract on a real project governs. FIDIC periods are calendar days. Figure F33-4 prints the limits on one sheet for the document controller and the QA/QC manager.

33.19.1Checks on registers that use these time limits

1. Start the clock at the right event. The RFI clock starts when the RFI moves from draft to open; the NCR clock starts on the day the NCR is raised.
2. Enter the calendar type. Each register field states working days or calendar days.
3. Diary the contract notices. The FIDIC 28-day and 84-day dates are calculated on the day of awareness and entered in the change register.
4. Book witnesses early. FAT witness visits outside Indonesia are notified 15 working days ahead for visas and travel.
5. Escalate an overdue RFI by the ladder. On the due date the RFI manager records a committed date. At due date plus 2 working days the RFI is listed in the weekly coordination meeting. At due date plus 5 working days the contractor's project manager writes to the CM.
6. Close NCRs with evidence. An NCR is closed only when the closure package holds the re-inspection IR and the retest record; an NCR closed without retest is reopened.

33.20Unit conversions

33.20.1Pressure, flow and length

33.20.2Temperature, energy and electrical units

33.20.3Water and fuel quantities

33.21Formulas used in the manual with one worked line each

Each block below gives the formula, the meaning of the symbols and one worked line copied from the chapter named. The numbers are MSC-1 example values.

33.21.1Electrical current and short-circuit current

Full-load current of a three-phase transformer: I = S / (√3 × U), with S in kVA and U in kV.

Worked example: Block transformer 2.5 MVA at 0.415 kV: I = 2,500 / (√3 × 0.415) = 3,478 A (14.1.1).

Prospective short-circuit current at the LV terminals with the source neglected: Isc = I / uk. With the source included: Isc = I / (uk + S / Ssc).

Worked example: Isc = 3,478 / 0.06 = 57,970 A, about 58 kA; with the 457 MVA source, 2.5 / 457 = 0.55 % and Isc = 3,478 / (0.06 + 0.0055) = 53,100 A. The switchboard Icw and the breaker Icu must exceed 58 kA (14.1.1).

Generator rated current: I = S / (√3 × U).

Worked example: 3,600,000 / (√3 × 20,000) = 103.9 A per set (15.1.2).

33.21.2Insulation indices and temperature correction

Polarisation index PI = R10 min / R1 min. Dielectric absorption ratio DAR = R60 s / R30 s. Temperature correction of IR to 20 °C with the halving rule: the value halves for each 10 °C rise, so R20 = R × 2^((T − 20) / 10) (confirm the correction factor against ANSI/NETA ATS-2025 Table 100.14). Figure F33-15 plots the IR minimums of NETA ATS Tables 100.1 and 100.5 by voltage class on a logarithmic scale.

Worked example: Alternator B2-GEN-07: PI = 9,240 / 3,850 = 2.40, above the minimum of 2.0 (15.4.2). Transformer TX-A at 30 °C: 6,200 MΩ × 2.0 = 12,400 MΩ at 20 °C, above 5,000 MΩ (13.4.3).

Winding resistance corrected to 75 °C for copper: R75 = R × (235 + 75) / (235 + T).

Worked example: TX-A phase A: R75 = 0.4120 × 310 / 263 = 0.4856 Ω against 0.4848 Ω factory value, +0.17 % (13.7.3).

33.21.3Tan δ tip-up and contact resistance rule

Tip-up = mean TD at 1.5 U0 − mean TD at 0.5 U0, in units of 10⁻³. Contact resistance investigation limit = lowest pole value × 1.5.

Worked example: Cable phase L3: tip-up = 7.00 − 0.80 = 6.20, which is in the "further study advised" band of 5 to 80 (13.8.5). Breaker Q11: limit = 28 + 14 = 42 µΩ, so L3 at 45 µΩ is investigated (13.5.2).

33.21.4Protection timing and CT voltage

IEC standard inverse curve: t = TMS × 0.14 / (M^0.02 − 1), where M is the multiple of the setting. CT voltage needed at the accuracy limit: Vk ≥ ALF × In × (Rct + Rb).

Worked example: Q11 51N at TMS 0.10 and M = 2: t = 0.1 × 0.14 / 0.01396 = 1.003 s; measured 1.012 s, error +0.9 % (13.10.2). Feeder CT 1500/1 A 5P20: 20 × (4.5 + 6.8) = 226 V (13.6.2).

33.21.5Generator transient and synchronising

Frequency limit = rated frequency × (1 − dip). Phase advance during breaker closing = slip × 360° × closing time. Load sharing error = (set kW − average kW) / rated kW.

Worked example: G3 dip 7 % at 50 Hz: 50 × 0.93 = 46.5 Hz (15.2.3). Advance angle: 0.05 × 360 × 0.080 = 1.44° (15.10.4). Sharing: (1,890 − 1,765) / 2,880 = +4.3 % (15.10.5).

Oxygen correction of emissions: C ref = C measured × (21 − O2 ref) / (21 − O2 measured).

Worked example: NOx 1,450 × (21 − 15) / (21 − 11.2) = 888 mg/Nm³ (15.12.1).

33.21.6UPS efficiency and meter error

Efficiency η = P out / P in. Meter error = (meter − reference) / reference.

Worked example: η = 1,562.5 / 1,601.9 = 97.54 % at 62.5 % load (16.6.9). Meter error = (1,571.0 − 1,562.5) / 1,562.5 = +0.54 % (16.9.5).

33.21.7Earthing and power quality

Wenner soil resistivity ρ = 2π a R. Short-circuit ratio = ISC / IL. Long-term flicker Plt = (Σ Pst³ / 12)^(1/3).

Worked example: a = 4 m, R = 2.0 Ω: ρ = 2π × 4 × 2.0 = 50.3 Ω·m (17.2.2). ISC/IL = 31,500 / 711.8 = 44.3, in the "20 to < 50" row (17.10.5). Plt = ((11 × 0.0429 + 0.729) / 12)^(1/3) = 0.46, below 1 (17.12.1).

33.21.8Pressure test and water flow

Test pressure = 1.5 × design pressure (ASME B31.9). Temperature effect on a liquid-full pipe = ΔT × pressure change per K. Velocity v = Q / A.

Worked example: Fuel header: 1.5 × 6.0 = 9.0 bar (15.5.3). FWS riser: 0.3 K × 3.5 bar/K = 1.05 bar predicted fall (18.3.4). FWS main: 232 L/s / 114.0 L/s per m/s = 2.0 m/s in DN400 (18.4.3).

33.21.9Heat transfer in water and air

Liquid heat Q (kW) = cp,v × V × ΔT, with cp,v = 4.138 kJ/(L·K) for the TCS coolant and 4.17 for water. Air heat Q (kW) = 1.206 × V (m³/s) × ΔT (K).

Worked example: Zone Z2: Q = 4.138 × 58.1 × 9.92 = 2,385 kW, −0.6 % of the 2,400 kW input (19.14.6). Flow for 2,400 kW at 10 K: 2,400 / (4.138 × 10) = 58.0 L/s (19.1.2). Fan wall FW-04: Q = 1.206 × 13.21 × 11.6 = 184.8 kW, 97.8 % of the 189 kW rating (19.7.2).

Containment leakage ratio = leakage flow at 5 Pa / aisle design airflow.

Worked example: 0.55 / 42.1 = 1.3 %, below the 3 % project limit (19.6.3).

33.21.10Fire formulas

Halocarbon agent quantity W = (V / S) × C / (100 − C), with S = k1 + k2 × T. Battery capacity = (I standby × 24 h + I alarm × 5/60 h) × 1.20. Required sound level = ambient + 15 dB.

Worked example: B2-ER-03: S = 0.0664 + 0.000274 × 20 = 0.07188 m³/kg; W = (640 / 0.07188) × 4.5 / 95.5 = 419.5 kg (20.6.2). FACP B2-FACP-03: (2.80 × 24 + 9.60 × 5/60) × 1.20 = 81.6 Ah (20.2.3). DH3: 78 + 15 = 93 dBA (20.5.1).

33.21.11Fibre loss budget

Loss budget = length × attenuation + connector pairs × 0.75 dB + splices × 0.3 dB.

Worked example: OS2 campus link: 1.20 × 0.5 + 2 × 0.75 + 2 × 0.3 = 0.60 + 1.50 + 0.60 = 2.70 dB (26.5.3). OM4 link: 0.090 × 3.0 + 4 × 0.75 = 3.27 dB at 850 nm (26.5.3).

33.21.12PUE and data completeness

PUE = Σ facility energy / Σ IT energy over the same period. Completeness = records received / (devices × records per hour × hours).

Worked example: Building B2: PUE = 1,054.0 / 863.9 = 1.2200 (24.12.2). Expected records = 431 × 4 × 72 = 124,128; first count 123,624 = 99.59 % (24.13).

33.21.13Commissioning KPIs

First-pass yield = tests passed at attempt 1 / tests with attempt 1 completed. Retest ratio = (total attempts − unique tests) / unique tests. Defect density = issues raised / MW of IT capacity in scope. Latency budget = sum of every stage delay from sensor to the person who acts.

Worked example: FPY = 331 / 379 = 87.3 %; retest ratio = (439 − 379) / 379 = 0.16 (30.3.4). Defect density = 737 / 36 = 20.5 issues per MW (30.3.7). CDU leak tray latency total 5.15 s against 10 s (25.8.2).

33.22Index of worked examples by tag and chapter

The index lists every "Worked example" block of chapters 01 to 30 in section order. The tag column gives the equipment or record tags named in the example. The building prefix (B1 to B4) and the hall code (DH1 to DH3) show where in the MSC-1 example campus the record belongs. Rows marked "MSC-1 campus values" use campus-level MSC-1 numbers without a device tag.

33.22.1Chapters 01 to 06: references, process, documents, RFIs and submittals

This part of the index lists 48 worked examples. Figure F33-16 shows how an equipment tag such as B2-DH3-UPS-A1 and a test record ID such as MEC-L4-CHW-B2-STG-01 are built, so that a tag in the index can be read field by field.

33.22.2Chapters 07 to 12: ITPs, change, quality, permits, reports and handover

This part of the index lists 42 worked examples.

33.22.3Chapters 13 to 17: MV, LV, generators, UPS and earthing

This part of the index lists 69 worked examples. Figure F33-17 shows the number of worked examples in each part of the index and names a filled record for eight systems.

33.22.4Chapters 18 to 22: plant, air and liquid cooling, fire and BMS

This part of the index lists 52 worked examples.

33.22.5Chapters 23 to 28: EPMS, integration, network, DCIM and IST

This part of the index lists 38 worked examples. Figure F33-18 maps the record IDs used in the worked examples by commissioning level and discipline.

33.22.6Chapters 29 and 30: issue library, data and KPIs

This part of the index lists 32 worked examples.

33.23Checklist for site use

1. Read the section before the value. Open the chapter section named beside the value and read its procedure, instrument and source before the value goes into a script.
2. Clear every confirm mark. For each value marked for confirmation against a named document, check the current edition or the project specification and write the result and the document reference in the script.
3. Write the project value. Replace example and MSC-1 values with the project specification value, and keep the chapter value as a comparison only.
4. Check the unit. Confirm per foot or per metre, bar or psi, working or calendar days, and the reference temperature before comparing a reading with a limit.
5. Check the voltage class. Use the MV IR minimum of the equipment class (25 kV class for 20 kV equipment) and the test voltage of the same row.
6. Correct to the reference temperature. Correct IR to 20 °C, winding resistance to 75 °C and battery autonomy to 25 °C before judging the result.
7. Use the full term once. Write each abbreviation in full at first use in every script, report and letter.
8. Check the double meanings. Read IR, PRP, LPS, DP and A3 in their context before acting on a record.
9. Enter contract periods correctly. Enter FIDIC periods as calendar days and project procedure periods as working days in the RFI, submittal, IR and NCR registers.
10. Find the worked example. Use the index in section 33.22 to find a filled record of the same equipment type before filling a new one.
11. Check the time source. Confirm that the instruments used for timed tests share one time source before the first timed step.
12. Keep the calibration certificates. Attach the certificate of every instrument named in the record, with its due date after the test date.
13. Print the four sheets. Print figures F33-1 to F33-4 for the site office after the project values have been written into them.
14. Report a disagreement. If a project value differs from the chapter value by more than the measurement tolerance, record it in the commissioning issues log and ask the designer to confirm it by RFI.

33.24Sources

1. Chapters 01 to 30 and 32 of this field manual (field_r01), sections as listed in each table row and in research/RF-33.md, October 2026.
2. ANSI/NETA ATS-2025, Standard for Acceptance Testing Specifications for Electrical Power Equipment and Systems, NETA, 2025. https://blog.ansi.org/ansi/ansi-neta-ats-2025-electrical-power-testing/
3. IEEE 400.2, Guide for Field Testing of Shielded Power Cable Systems Using Very Low Frequency (VLF), IEEE, 2024. https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/400.2/
4. IEEE 81-2025, Guide for Measuring Earth Resistivity, Ground Impedance, and Earth Surface Potentials of a Grounding System, IEEE, 2025 (supersedes IEEE 81-2012). https://standards.ieee.org/standard/81.html
5. ISO 8528-5:2022, Reciprocating internal combustion engine driven alternating current generating sets, Part 5: Generating sets, ISO, 2022. https://www.iso.org/standard/78071.html
6. NFPA 110, Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems, NFPA, current edition. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-110-standard-development/110
7. IEC 62040-3:2021, Uninterruptible power systems, Part 3: Method of specifying the performance and test requirements, IEC, 2021. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/62020
8. IEEE 450, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Vented Lead-Acid Batteries for Stationary Applications, IEEE, current edition. https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/450/
9. IEEE 1188, Recommended Practice for Maintenance, Testing, and Replacement of Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid Batteries, IEEE, current edition. https://standards.ieee.org/ieee/1188/
10. Information Technology Industry Council, ITI (CBEMA) Curve Application Note, ITI. https://www.itic.org
11. IEC 62305-3:2024, Protection against lightning, Part 3: Physical damage to structures and life hazard, IEC, 2024. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/33680
12. IEC 61000-4-30:2025, Power quality measurement methods, IEC, 2025. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/71611
13. BSRIA guides BG 29/2021 and BG 49/2024, BSRIA, catalogue records. https://cis.ihs.com//CIS/document/294607
14. ASME B31.9, Building Services Piping, ASME, current edition. https://www.asme.org/codes-standards/find-codes-standards/b31-9-building-services-piping
15. Upsite Technologies, "What You Need to Know About ASHRAE's Fifth Edition of Thermal Guidelines", accessed 31 October 2026. https://www.upsite.com/blog/what-you-need-to-know-about-ashraes-fifth-edition-of-thermal-guidelines/
16. NFPA 72, National Fire Alarm and Signaling Code, NFPA, current edition. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-72-standard-development/72
17. NFPA 76, Standard for the Fire Protection of Telecommunications Facilities, NFPA, current edition. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-76-standard-development/76
18. NFPA 2001, Standard on Clean Agent Fire Extinguishing Systems, NFPA, current edition. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-2001-standard-development/2001
19. NFPA 13, Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems, NFPA, edition adopted by the project. https://www.nfpa.org/codes-and-standards/nfpa-13-standard-development/13
20. ANSI/TIA-568.3-E, Optical Fiber Cabling and Components Standard, Telecommunications Industry Association, approved 29 September 2022 (replaces ANSI/TIA-568.3-D, 2016). https://tiaonline.org/?p=29364
21. IEC 61300-3-35:2022, Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components, Part 3-35: Visual inspection of fibre optic connectors, IEC, 2022. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/62137
22. Wikipedia, "Media Redundancy Protocol" (summary of IEC 62439-2 recovery times), accessed 31 October 2026. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Redundancy_Protocol
23. USACE, NAVFAC and AFCEC, UFGS 01 33 00 Submittal Procedures, Whole Building Design Guide. https://www.wbdg.org/FFC/DOD/UFGS/UFGS%2001%2033%2000.pdf
24. FIDIC, Conditions of Contract for Construction, Second Edition 2017, as quoted in published contract amendments. https://www.lawinsider.com/clause/contractors-document
25. NEC4 Engineering and Construction Contract, Thomas Telford / NEC, 2017. https://www.neccontract.com/products/contracts/nec4-ecc
26. IEEE 1584-2018, Guide for Performing Arc-Flash Hazard Calculations, IEEE, 2018. https://standards.ieee.org/standard/1584-2018.html
27. ISO 9906:2012, Rotodynamic pumps, Hydraulic performance acceptance tests, ISO, 2012; KSB centrifugal pump lexicon, "Tolerance". https://www.ksb.com/en-global/centrifugal-pump-lexicon/article/tolerance-2155174
28. IEC 62443 series, Security for industrial automation and control systems, IEC, current parts. https://webstore.iec.ch/en/publication/7029
29. Kohler Power Systems, "ISO 8528-5 and Generator Transient Performance", Power Systems Topics 143, values derived from ISO 8528-5:2022 Table 4, accessed 1 November 2026. https://techcomm.kohler.com/techcomm/pdf/ISO%208528-5%20and%20Generator%20Transient%20Performance_WP.pdf
30. Open Exam Prep, NETA ETT Level II study guide, "IR test voltages and IEEE 43 minimums" (reproduction of NETA Table 100.1 and IEEE 43 minimums), accessed 1 November 2026. https://open-exam-prep.com/study-guides/neta-ett-level-ii/insulation-resistance-testing/ir-test-voltages-ieee-43-minimums
31. Elek, "Typical Working Distances for Arc Flash Calculations" (IEEE 1584-2018 values), accessed 1 November 2026. https://elek.com/articles/typical-working-distances-for-arc-flash-calculations/
32. Furse (ABB), technical guide to BS EN/IEC 62305, Table 11 typical down-conductor distances, accessed 1 November 2026. https://storage.electrika.com/flips/8300-furse-15-a/files/assets/basic-html/page-310.html
33. Xtralis, VESDA-E frequently asked questions (NFPA 76 hole sensitivity and UL 268 transport time), accessed 1 November 2026. https://www.xtralis.com/file/12026
34. Consulting-Specifying Engineer, "Using fire pump speed as a design consideration" (NFPA 20 section 6.2), accessed 1 November 2026. https://www.csemag.com/articles/using-fire-pump-speed-as-a-design-consideration/
35. Security Info Watch, "Fire & Life Safety: 90 Seconds is a Vital NFPA 72 Number", accessed 1 November 2026. https://www.securityinfowatch.com/alarms-monitoring/fire-life-safety/article/12308731/90-seconds-a-vital-nfpa-72-number
36. Fiber Optic Association, "TIA-568 fiber optic cabling standard" (attenuation, connector and splice loss), accessed 1 November 2026. https://www.thefoa.org/tech/tia568b3.htm
37. ASHRAE TC 9.9, Thermal Guidelines for Data Processing Environments, 5th edition, reference card, 2021. https://www.ashrae.org/file%20library/technical%20resources/bookstore/supplemental%20files/therm-gdlns-5th-r-e-refcard.pdf
38. ALS Global, "eSource: ASTM Fuel Specification Overview" (ASTM D975 water and sediment), 2022. https://alsglobal.com/en/news-and-publications/2022/06/esource-astm-fuel-specification-overview

Educational field reference compiled from public standards, guides, manufacturer documents and published incident reports; sources close each chapter. The project specification, the Engineer of Record and the OEM documents govern; check the current edition of every standard before use. Worked examples use an example campus (MSC-1: 4 buildings, 12 halls of 12 MW), not project data. Independent research; not affiliated with any current or former employer. Privacy · Terms.