Research Roadmap 2026

An overview of four upcoming research publications planned for 2026, covering liquid cooling system optimisation, PUE benchmarking methodology, Indonesian K3 Listrik electrical safety grid analysis, and data center fire suppression systems. No dedicated publication pages exist yet — this stub documents scope, expected content, and target standards for each paper. It performs no calculation.

Type Reference Hub Papers 4 upcoming Engine None — reference only

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01 Purpose & scope

This page is a roadmap stub for four research publications in progress as of mid-2026. Each paper draws on the engineering toolkit, live calculators, and field data available on ResistanceZero, with the aim of producing practitioner-oriented technical papers for engineering operations professionals in Indonesia and the broader ASEAN data center sector.

When individual papers are published, they will receive full article pages under /articles/ and the DC Solutions research section (datacenter-solutions.html#papers). This stub will link to each published page as it goes live.

02 Upcoming publications

Paper 1: Liquid Cooling System Optimisation for High-Density Data Centers In preparation

Domain: Cooling Systems · Target: Q3 2026

Compares rear-door heat exchangers (RDHx), cold-plate direct liquid cooling (DLC), and immersion cooling (single-phase and two-phase) on TCO, PUE contribution, and deployment risk for rack densities 10–100 kW/rack. Draws on the chiller-plant and PUE calculators plus ASHRAE TC 9.9 A2–A4 envelope data.
Paper 2: PUE Optimisation Methodology — Benchmarking Indonesian Hyperscale and Colocation Facilities In preparation

Domain: Sustainability · Target: Q3 2026

Applies ISO 30134-2 measurement methodology to PUE data from Indonesian facilities, benchmarks against ASEAN peers and global hyperscale targets, and identifies the top-5 operational interventions yielding the highest PUE reduction per IDR investment. Anchored to ASHRAE 90.4-2022 MLC/ELC targets.
Paper 3: K3 Listrik Grid Analysis — Electrical Safety Compliance for Data Center Infrastructure in Indonesia In preparation

Domain: Power Systems · Target: Q4 2026

Analyses the Indonesian K3 Listrik (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja Listrik) regulatory framework as applied to data center MV/LV switchgear, earthing systems, arc-flash hazard analysis, and PLN grid interconnection agreements. References PLN SPLN standards, Peraturan Menteri ESDM, and IEC 60364 for comparison.
Paper 4: Data Center Fire Suppression Systems — Design, Selection, and Commissioning In preparation

Domain: Fire Safety · Target: Q4 2026

Comprehensive design guide for total-flooding clean-agent suppression systems in data halls: NFPA 2001 agent sizing (Novec 1230, FM-200, IG-541), VESDA detector layout per NFPA 72, Li-ion BBU off-gas risk screening per NFPA 855 / UL 9540A, compartmentation, and commissioning acceptance tests. Companion to the live fire suppression calculator.

No calculation engine on this page. This is a curated navigation hub — it aggregates articles and tools; it performs no calculation. For calculation methodology, see the linked calculator manuals above. Publication dates and scope are subject to change.

03 References & standards basis

ASHRAE TC 9.9 (2021) — Thermal envelope data basis for liquid cooling paper (A2–A4 equipment classes).
ISO 30134-2 (2016) — PUE measurement methodology basis for PUE optimisation paper.
ASHRAE 90.4-2022 — MLC / ELC energy targets referenced in PUE benchmarking paper.
Peraturan Menteri ESDM No. 12/2021 — Indonesian K3 Listrik framework: SLO (Sertifikat Laik Operasi) requirements for electrical installations above 200 kVA.
SPLN D3.002-1:2007 / D3.002-2:2007 — PLN distribution network standards referenced in K3 Listrik paper.
NFPA 2001 (2022) / NFPA 72 (2022) / NFPA 855 (2023) / UL 9540A:2024 — Fire-suppression paper standards basis; full citation in Fire Safety Hub.
IEC 60364-5-54 — Earthing arrangements and protective conductors: arc-flash and earthing basis for K3 Listrik paper.